Yellow fluorescent protein TurboYFP

- Superbright true-yellow fluorescence
- Fast maturation
- Emission wavelength is ideally positioned between those of green and red fluorescent proteins
- Destabilized version is available
- Recommended for gene expression analysis, cell and organelle labeling

Available variants and fusions

TurboYFP codon usage is optimized for high expression in mammalian cells [Haas et al., 1996], but it can be successfully expressed in many other heterological systems.

Destabilized TurboYFP variant (TurboYFP-dest1): TurboYFP-dest1 is produced by fusing the initial protein with PEST amino acid sequence encoded by region 422-461 of mouse ornithine decarboxylase gene [Li et al., 1998]. This sequence targets the protein to degradation and enables a rapid protein turnover. TurboYFP-dest1 retains spectral properties of the initial protein, but has shorter half-lives (approximately 1.5-2 hrs) as measured by the analysis of fluorescence intensity of cells treated with a protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide. Because of rapid turnover, TurboYFP-dest1 can be used to measure changes in gene expression.

Phi-Yellow proteins: PhiYFP and PhiYFP-m are previous variants of TurboYFP. They possesses same exitation and emission spectra but have a few lesser maturation rate in mammalian cells. Phi-Yellow proteins do not aggregate in long-term cell cultures and in fusions with subcellular localization signals. They have proven suitability to generate stably transfected cell lines.