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Far-red fluorescent protein mKate2
- Super bright far-red fluorescence
- Monomeric protein with successful performance in fusions
- Fast maturation, high pH-stability and photostability
- Proven suitability to generate stably transfected cell lines
- Fluorescent signal is easily distinguished from background fluorescence
- Recommended for protein labeling, multicolor applications and whole body imaging
Available variants and fusions
| Variant | Description | Related vector | Cat.# | Click for image |
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Humanized mKate2
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mKate2 codon usage is optimized for high expression in mammalian cells [Haas et al., 1996], but it can be successfully expressed in many other heterological systems.
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pmKate2-C
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FP181
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pmKate2-N
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FP182
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mKate2-actin fusion
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Human β-actin is fused to the mKate2 C-terminus. When expressed in mammalian cells, this fusion provides far-red fluorescent labeling of β-actin in living cells.
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pmKate2-actin
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FP184
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mKate2-tubulin fusion
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Human α-tubulin is fused to the mKate2 C-terminus. When expressed in mammalian cells, this fusion provides far-red fluorescent labeling of α-tubulin in living cells.
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pmKate2-tubulin
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FP185
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mKate2-f-mem fusion
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20 amino acid farnesylation signal from c-Ha-Ras is fused to the mKate2 C-terminus. When expressed in mammalian cells, this fusion provides far-red fluorescent labeling of plasma membrane.
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pmKate2-f-mem
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FP186
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mKate2-mito fusion
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A mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS) is fused to the mKate2 N-terminus. MTS was derived from the subunit VIII of human cytochrome C oxidase [Rizzuto et al., 1989; Rizzuto et al., 1995]. When expressed in mammalian cells, this variant provides far-red fluorescent labeling of mitochondria.
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pmKate2-mito
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FP187
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mKate2-laminB1 fusion
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Human lamin B1 is fused to the mKate2 C-terminus. When expressed in mammalian cells, this fusion provides far-red fluorescent labeling of lamin B1 in living cells.
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pmKate2-laminB1
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FP310
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mKate2-H2B fusion
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Human histone H2B is fused to the mKate2 N-terminus. When expressed in mammalian cells, this fusion provides far-red fluorescent labeling of histone H2B in living cells.
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pmKate2-H2B
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FP311
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mKate2-lyso fusion
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Rat Lysosomal Associated Membrane Protein 1 (LAMP-1) is fused to the mKate2 N-terminus. When expressed in mammalian cells, this fusion provides far-red fluorescent labeling of lysosomes.
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pmKate2-lyso
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FP312
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mKate2-peroxi fusion
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Peroxisomal targeting signal [Gould et al., 1989] encoding tripeptide SKL is fused to the 3' end of mKate2 sequence. This tripeptide targets the fusion protein to the matrix of peroxisomes.
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pmKate2-peroxi
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FP313
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mKate2-endo fusion
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Human RhoB GTPase is fused to the mKate2 C-terminus. When expressed in mammalian cells, this fusion provides far-red fluorescent labeling of vesicles of the endocytic pathway.
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pmKate2-endo
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FP314
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mKate2-zyxin fusion
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Human zyxin is fused to the mKate2 N-terminus. When expressed in mammalian cells, this fusion provides far-red fluorescent labeling of zyxin in living cells.
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pmKate2-zyxin
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FP315
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mKate2-EB3 fusion
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Human microtubule-associated EB3 protein is fused to the mKate2 N-terminus. When expressed in mammalian cells, this fusion provides far-red fluorescent labeling of EB3 protein in living cells.
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pmKate2-EB3
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FP316
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mKate2-actinin fusion
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Human α-actinin is fused to the mKate2 N-terminus. When expressed in mammalian cells, this fusion provides far-red fluorescent labeling of α-actinin in living cells.
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pmKate2-actinin
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FP317
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mKate2-vimentin fusion
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Human vimentin is fused to the mKate2 N-terminus. When expressed in mammalian cells, this fusion provides far-red fluorescent labeling of vimentin in living cells.
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pmKate2-vimentin
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FP318
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mKate2-keratin fusion
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Human cytokeratin-18 is fused to themKate2 N-terminus. When expressed in mammalian cells, this fusion provides far-red fluorescent labeling of cytokeratin-18 in living cells.
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pmKate2-keratin
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FP319
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mKate2-profilin fusion
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Mouse profilin is fused to the mKate2 C-terminus. When expressed in mammalian cells, this fusion provides far-red fluorescent labeling of profilin in living cells.
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pmKate2-profilin
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FP320
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mKate2-annexin fusion
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Human annexin is fused to the mKate2 C-terminus. When expressed in mammalian cells, this fusion provides far-red fluorescent labeling of annexin in living cells.
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pmKate2-annexin
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FP321
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mKate2-clathrin fusion
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Human clathrin LCB is fused to the mKate2 C-terminus. When expressed in mammalian cells, this fusion provides far-red fluorescent labeling of clathrin LCB in living cells.
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pmKate2-clathrin
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FP322
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mKate2-paxillin fusion
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Chicken paxillin is fused to the mKate2 N-terminus. When expressed in mammalian cells, this fusion provides far-red fluorescent labeling of paxillin in living cells.
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pmKate2-paxillin
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FP323
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mKate2-ER fusion
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Signal sequence of calreticulin [Fliegel et al., 1989] is fused to the mKate2 N-terminus and the endoplasmic reticulum retention sequence KDEL [Munro and Pelham, 1987] is fused to the mKate2 C-terminus. When expressed in mammalian cells, this fusion provides far-red fluorescent labeling of the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum.
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pmKate2-ER
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FP324
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References:
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Fliegel L, Burns K, MacLennan DH, Reithmeier RA, Michalak M.
Molecular cloning of the high affinity calcium-binding protein (calreticulin) of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum.
J Biol Chem. 1989; 264 (36):21522-8. / pmid: 2600080
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Gould SJ, Keller GA, Hosken N, Wilkinson J, Subramani S.
A conserved tripeptide sorts proteins to peroxisomes.
J Cell Biol. 1989; 108 (5):1657-64. / pmid: 2654139
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Haas J, Park EC, Seed B.
Codon usage limitation in the expression of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein.
Curr Biol. 1996; 6 (3):315-24. / pmid: 8805248
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Munro S, Pelham HR.
A C-terminal signal prevents secretion of luminal ER proteins.
Cell. 1987; 48 (5):899-907. / pmid: 3545499
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Rizzuto R, Brini M, Pizzo P, Murgia M, Pozzan T.
Chimeric green fluorescent protein as a tool for visualizing subcellular organelles in living cells.
Curr Biol. 1995; 5 (6):635-42. / pmid: 7552174
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Rizzuto R, Nakase H, Darras B, Francke U, Fabrizi GM, Mengel T, Walsh F, Kadenbach B, DiMauro S, Schon EA.
A gene specifying subunit VIII of human cytochrome c oxidase is localized to chromosome 11 and is expressed in both muscle and non-muscle tissues.
J Biol Chem. 1989; 264 (18):10595-600. / pmid: 2543673
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Shcherbo D, Murphy CS, Ermakova GV, Solovieva EA, Chepurnykh TV, Shcheglov AS, Verkhusha VV, Pletnev VZ, Hazelwood KL, Roche PM, Lukyanov S, Zaraisky AG, Davidson MW, Chudakov DM.
Far-red fluorescent tags for protein imaging in living tissues.
Biochem J. 2009; 418 (3):567-74. / pmid: 19143658
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